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''Hitler's Pope'' is a book published in 1999 by the British journalist and author John Cornwell that examines the actions of Eugenio Pacelli, who became Pope Pius XII, before and during the Nazi era, and explores the charge that he assisted in the legitimization of Adolf Hitler's Nazi regime in Germany, through the pursuit of a Reichskonkordat in 1933. The book is critical of Pius' conduct during the Second World War, arguing that he did not do enough, or speak out enough, against the Holocaust. Cornwell argued that Pius's entire career as the nuncio to Germany, Cardinal Secretary of State, and pope was characterized by a desire to increase and centralize the power of the Papacy, and that he subordinated opposition to the Nazis to that goal. He further argued that Pius was antisemitic and that this stance prevented him from caring about the European Jews.〔Phayer, 2000, p. xii–xiii.〕 The author has moderated some of his allegations since publication of the book, and the work remains controversial. Various commentators have challenged the book's leading ideas, or challenged factual assertions contained within it.〔Anger, Matthew, ("The Rabbi and the Pope" ), ''Homiletic and Pastoral Review'', 2008 Ignatius Press〕〔(Archives debunk 'Hitler's Pope' theories ), p. 5, ''Catholic Herald'' (UK), 29 September 2006〕〔Dalin, David (''The Myth of Hitler's Pope: How Pope Pius XII Rescued Jews from the Nazis'' ), p. 15, 138, Regnery Publishing 2005〕〔Woods, Thomas, ("The Myth of Hitler's Pope: An Interview with Rabbi David G. Dalin" ), ''Catholic Exchange'', 29 July 2005〕〔Rychlak, Ronald J. and Michael Novak (''Righteous Gentiles'' ), p. xiii, Spence Pub. Co., 2005〕〔("The Papacy" ), ''The Economist'', 9 December 2004, p. 82–83.〕〔("Hitler's Pope?" ); Martin Gilbert; ''The American Spectator''; 18.8.06〕 Jewish historian of the Holocaust Martin Gilbert credits Pius XII with various actions which saved Jews, and notes that the Nazi security forces referred to him as the "mouthpiece of the Jewish war criminals".〔Martin Gilbert; ''The Righteous: The Unsung Heroes of the Holocaust''; Doubleday; 2002; ISBN 0-385-60100-X; p.308, 311, 335, 337, 622–623〕 Pius XII maintained links to the German Resistance.〔John Toland; ''Hitler''; Wordsworth Editions; 1997 Edn; p. 760〕〔William L. Shirer; ''The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich''; Secker & Warburg; London; 1960; pp. 648–49〕〔Joachim Fest; ''Plotting Hitler's Death: The German Resistance to Hitler, 1933–1945''; Weidenfeld & Nicolson 1996 p. 131〕〔(''Encyclopædia Britannica'' Online, "Pius XII" ) 2 May 2013〕〔Owen Chadwick; Britain and the Vatican During the Second World War; Cambridge University Press; 1988; p. 87〕〔Peter Hoffmann; ''The History of the German Resistance 1933–1945''; 3rd Edn (First English Edn); McDonald & Jane's; London; 1977; p.161 & 294〕〔Peter Hebblethwaite; Paul VI, the First Modern Pope; HarperCollinsReligious; 1993; p.143〕 and in the assessment of Catholic historian Frank Coppa writing for the ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', Cornwell's depiction of Pius XII as anti-Semitic lacks "credible substantiation".〔(Pius XII ) ''Encyclopedia Britannica'' Online; retrieved 28 October 2014〕 The author has been praised for attempting to bring into the open the debate on the Catholic Church's relationship with the Nazis, but also accused of making unsubstantiated claims and ignoring positive evidence. The author has moderated some of his allegations, since publication of the book. In 2004, Cornwell stated that Pius XII "had so little scope of action that it is impossible to judge the motives for his silence during the war, while Rome was under the heel of Mussolini and later occupied by Germany. ... But even if his prevarications and silences were performed with the best of intentions, he had an obligation in the postwar period to explain those actions"〔〔Cornwell 2004 p. 193〕 He similarly stated in 2008 that Pius XII's "scope for action was severely limited", but that "()evertheless, due to his ineffectual and diplomatic language in respect of the Nazis and the Jews, I still believe that it was incumbent on him to explain his failure to speak out after the war. This he never did."〔 In 2009 he described Pacelli as effectively a "fellow traveller" of the Nazis.〔John Cornwell. Review of ''Hitler's Priests: Catholic Clergy and National Socialism''. By Kevin P. Spicer. in ''Church History: Studies in Christianity and Culture'', Volume 78, Issue March 2009, pp 235–237. Published (online ) by Cambridge University Press, 20 February 2009.〕 ==Cornwell's work== Cornwell's work was the first to have access to testimonies from Pius's beatification process as well as to many documents from Eugenio Pacelli's nunciature which had just been opened under the seventy-five year rule by the Vatican State Secretary archives.〔Sanchez, 2002, p. 34.〕 Cornwell's work has received both praise and criticism. Eamon Duffy wrote that Cornwell's "gripping and impassioned account" had presented "an indictment that (not ) be ignored" and Saul Friedländer that Cornwell had demonstrated how "Pius XII brought the authoritarianism and the centralization of his predecessors to their most extreme stage." Susan Zuccotti's ''Under His Very Windows: The Vatican and the Holocaust in Italy'' (2000) and Michael Phayer's ''The Catholic Church and the Holocaust, 1930–1965'' (2000) are critical of both Cornwell and Pius XII. Ronald J. Rychlak's ''Hitler, the War and the Pope'' is critical as well but defends Pius XII in light of his own access to recent documents.〔Ronald J Rychlak ''Hitler, the War and the Pope'' Genesis Press, Columbus, MS, 2000, pp 401 ff.〕 Cornwell researched the conduct of Pacelli, both while he served as nuncio to Germany and after he was made Pope; some of Cornwell's principal resources were the Vatican archives. Cornwell stated that he intended his book as a defense of Pius XII but that "nearing the end of my research ... ()he material I had gathered, taking the more extensive view of Pacelli's life, amounted not to an exoneration but to a wider indictment" 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hitler's Pope」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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